Een gedeelte van het Kanaal vant eijland Bun tot de R. van Vaalmouth

Een gedeelte van het Kanaal vant eijland Bun tot de R. van Vaalmouth

England Gerard van Keulen

Grampound, Cornwall

1 : 31680 Military batteries are marked along the coastline in this drawing. The profusion of defensive castles in this area is testimony to the perceived vulnerability of coastal regions. Red blocks indicate individual structures within the complex of Pendennis Castle, built by Henry VIII after his divorce from Catherine of Aragon aroused the hostility of Catholic France and Spain. The nearby castle of St Mawes acted as a seaward deterrent, protecting the anchorage of Falmouth. Half Moon Battery is indicated, as are signal seats along the extreme edge of the coast. Budgen, Charles

Mevagissey (Hills) - OS One-Inch Revised New Series

1 : 63360 Topographic maps Ordnance Survey Ordnance Survey

Mevagissey (Outline) - OS One-Inch Revised New Series

1 : 63360 Topographic maps Ordnance Survey Ordnance Survey

The environs of Plymouth, Devonport and Stonehouse : also the neighborhood of Exeter with the coast and other principal roads [...]

1 : 65000 engraved [...] by John Cooke Stonehouse : sold by John Cooke

A coloured scheme for fortifying the island of St Nicholas, or Drake's Island, in Plymouth Sound

Plan of Plymouth harbour with particular attention to St Nicholas Island thought to have been drawn by a French or Dutch artist. It is said that when he was a child, Sir Francis Drake was sent here by his parents for protection at a time of civil disturbance. In the 18th century the island was renamed Drake’s Island in his memory but until the mid 19th century it was still referred to as St Nicholas Island. The island was first fortified in the 17th century and was important because it was situated in the centre of Plymouth Sound and protected the approaches to the harbours and the estuaries of the rivers Tamar and Plym.

Fowey, Cornwall

This map features surveyor Robert Dawson's distinctive contouring technique: soft brushwork interlining ('hachuring') combined with numerical notation of relative relief. Dawson has detailed hillforts, medieval castles, barrows and antiquities, including Helmen Tor and St. Prideaux in the north and Fowey Castle and St. Saviours Tower in the south. A coniferous tree plantation is indicated to the right of the moated mound surrounding Restormel Castle, towards the top right of the map. Built by the Normans, the castle had superb defences and was only successfully invaded once in its long history, when Charles I's forces drove out the Parliamentarian garrison in 1644 during the English Civil War. .This map is dated 1805 in pencil on the bottom right-hand corner. Below this, a note of the scale in ink was partly cut off when the margins were trimmed. Dawson, Robert

Bodmin (Outline) - OS One-Inch Revised New Series

1 : 63360 Topographic maps Ordnance Survey Ordnance Survey

Bodmin (Hills) - OS One-Inch Revised New Series

1 : 63360 Topographic maps Ordnance Survey Ordnance Survey

Plymouth (Hills) - OS One-Inch Revised New Series

1 : 63360 Topographic maps Ordnance Survey Ordnance Survey

Plymouth (Outline) - OS One-Inch Revised New Series

1 : 63360 Topographic maps Ordnance Survey Ordnance Survey

Liskeard, Cornwall

This drawing is mentioned in the Ordnance Survey Letter Book. Folio 91 records that the drawing was returned to the Tower from the Quartermaster General's Office. The circular hole in the top right-hand corner indicates that an 'Ordnance Office Copy' blind stamp has been removed. Relief is a dominant feature of this drawing, recorded by shading and interlining ('hachuring'). Trigonometrical altitudes are also recorded. Coniferous and deciduous trees are distinguished pictorially. Although recording archaeological sites was not obligatory until 1816, many draughtsmen noted these prior to this. Here an 'Ancient Fort' is shown in Trelawn, while an ancient earth bank called Giant's Hedge, possibly the boundary of a petty kingdom, is marked by a yellow line. Dawson, Robert

A coloured chart of Falmouth Haven and the river Fal up to Truro; drawn 1590-1600

This sixteenth century drawing shows the layout of Falmouth harbour in Cornwall. It must have been drawn after the completion of Pendennis and St Mawes Castles in the 1540’s as these are depicted, although in a fanciful manner bearing little resemblance to the real structures. These castles were part of a defensive chain built by Henry VIII after a peace treaty was signed by Francis I of France and Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain in 1538, making invasion of England probable. England and France were ancient enemies and the catholic Charles V, nephew of Catherine of Aragon, was angered by Henry VIII’s decision to divorce her. Henry’s dissolution of the monasteries provided him with enormous wealth with which he was able to commission surveys of the vulnerable coastline and build defence fortifications. This drawing was probably executed to provide a record of this vulnerable area of the coast for defensive purposes. It is possible that this drawing may date from 1598 – 1599 when the military engineer Paul Ivey was responsible for strengthening St Mawes and Pendennis following the 1597 scare that the Spanish might direct an armada towards Falmouth Haven. Pictorial depiction’s of castles, ships and sea monsters feature on this map which verges on the fanciful in its details, the naval battle in the top left is simply an embellishment. In the bottom left hand corner is a clover leaf pattern that is in fact an accurate ground plan of St Mawes Castle. A later annotator may have drawn this in an attempt to correct the picturesque inaccuracy of its depiction in this drawing.

To the Right Honorable the Master, Wardens & Elder Brethren of the Trinity House, this Chart of Plymouth Sound is ... dedicated

1 : 26000 Heather, W. (William) Heather, W. (William)

A new and correct large draught PLYMOUTH SOUND catt-water and ham-owse

from The sea-atlas : containing an hydrographical description of most of the sea-coasts of the known parts of the world.